CLICK ON A PHOTO, IT WILL ENLARGE IT AND SHOW THE DESCRIPTION.

CEMETERIES

JEWISH CEMETERY

JEWISH CEMETERY, picture of the Jewish cemetery in Chernivtsi, row of graves. The cemetery has four mass graves: Jewish soldiers of Austrian army from World War I (1914–1918), Turkish soldiers, Romanian citizens who died in 1941–1942, and Jewish civilians, victims of Holocaust in 1941.

JEWISH CEMETERY STANISLAVOV POLAND

JEWISH CEMETERY STANISLAVOV, POLAND, on 12 October 1941, during the so-called Bloody Sunday, some 10,000–12,000 Jews were shot into mass graves at the Jewish cemetery by the German uniformed SS-men from SIPO and Order Police battalions assisted by the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police. Dr. Tenenbaum of the Judenrat refused the offer of exemption and was killed along with the others. Two months after that, the ghetto was established officially for the 20,000 Jews still remaining and sealed off with walls on 20 December 1941. Over a year later, in February 1943, the Ghetto was officially closed, when no more Jews were held in it. The Jewish cemetery was used to shoot the local Jews in mass graves.

JEWISH COMMUNITY OF JAVOROV

JEWISH COMMUNITY OF JAVOROV, Javorov is a Galizian city close to Lviv, which before the war had a Jewish population of 3000, which was added to by several thousand after the creation of a ghetto. The Jewish population were either shot during the liquidation of the ghetto or died in Belzec. After the liquidation of the ghetto a second ghetto was created whose inhabitants either died during the winter of 1942-43 or were shot in the nearby forest in March 1943.

JEWISH DESTRUCTION

JEWISH DESTRUCTION, Nazis destroyed Jewish cemeteries everywhere in their path.

JEWS OF POSTAVY

JEWS OF POSTAVY, Postavy Jewish cemetery. “When we went to the ghetto, it was my mother and three daughters and a son.” Her brother had slept outside in the barn the night the men of her family were rounded up to be shot. In that ghetto was a group that worked with the partisans, a resistance force of native Poles and Russians.”

JOSEFOV JEWISH GHETTO

JOSEFOV JEWISH GHETTO CEMETERY, the remnants of the Jewish Cemetery in Jozefow. At the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Jozefow was bombed by the German Luftwaffe and a large part of the town center was destroyed. At the end of September 1939, as part of the Ribbentrop- Molotov pact the Soviet Army entered Jozefow, but after a short occupation they left the town. Approximately 1,000 local Jews decided to go with them and settle in the Soviet Union. Only the very poor stayed in Jozefow.

MASS GRAVE JEWISH VICTIMS GROJEC

MASS GRAVE JEWISH VICTIMS GROJEC, mass grave Jewish victims, Grojec. With the entry of the German army on Sept. 8, 1939, terrorization of the Jewish population began. The synagogue was burned. On Sept. 12, 1939, all men between the ages of 15 and 55 were forced to assemble at the market, and from there were marched on foot to Rawa Mazowiecka, about 37 mi. (60 km.) away. Many were shot on the way. During the spring of 1940 about 500 Jews from Lodz and the vicinity were forced to settle in Grojec. In July 1940 a ghetto was established and the plight of the Jewish inhabitants drastically deteriorated. They suffered from hunger, epidemics, and lack of fuel during the winter of 1940–41. About 1,000 fled to Bialobrzegi and were murdered there or deported to Treblinka in the fall of 1942. The Grojec ghetto was liquidated on February 28, 1942, when most of the remaining Jews were deported to the Warsaw ghetto to share the fate of the Jews there. Of those still in Grojec, 83 were deported after some time to a slave labor camp in Russia near Smolensk, where almost all were murdered. The last 250 Jews were executed in the summer of 1943 in a forest near Gora Kalwaria.

RAKOV CEMETERY

RAKOV CEMETERY, at the Jewish cemetery. In 1939, after the partition of the Polish lands by the USSR and Germany, Rakov came under Soviet jurisdiction. The new government destroyed most of the community institutions in two years. More than 1,000 Jews died in Rakov during the Holocaust.

THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF BRZEZANY POLAND

THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF BRZEZANY, POLAND, prior to World War II the Jewish population in Berezhany was approximately 4,000. In 1941 at the end of Soviet occupation 12,000 Jews were living in Berezhany, most of them refugees fleeing the horrors of the Nazi war machine in Europe. During the Holocaust, on Oct. 1, 1941, 500–700 Jews were executed by the Germans in the nearby quarries. On Dec. 18, another 1,200, listed as poor by the Judenrat, were shot in the forest. On Yom Kippur 1942 (Sept. 21), 1,000–1,500 were deported to Belzec and hundreds murdered in the streets and in their homes. On Hanukkah (Dec. 4–5) hundreds more were sent to Belzec and on June 12, 1943, the last 1,700 Jews of the ghetto and labor camp were liquidated, with only a few individuals escaping. Less than 100 Berezhany Jews survived the war.

TOMBSTONES

TOMBSTONES, the Jewish cemetery in Lubaczów. Before the outbreak of World War II there were about 2,300 Jews in Lubaczow. The majority of them were deported in the autumn of 1942 to *Belzec death camp. The remaining Jews were exterminated on Jan. 6, 1943. After the war, the Jewish community of Lubaczow was not reconstituted.

FREE AT LAST

FREE AT LAST, a body that had been starved to death.